منابع مشابه
Influence of Altitude Atmospheric Pressure on Octane Requirement (RESEARCH NOTE).
The normal specifications of motor gasolines as well as their combustion characteristics in internal combustion engines are reviewed in this paper. The effective factors influencing the fuel performance, such as the molecular structure of the fuel constituents, the operating conditions and the atmospheric pressure and temperature are also discussed. A relationship between the optimum octane num...
متن کاملAtmospheric pressure ion sources.
This review of atmospheric pressure ion sources discusses major developments that have occurred since 1991. Advances in the instrumentation and understanding of the key physical principles are the primary focus. Developments with electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and variations encompassing adaptations for surface analysis, ambient air analysis, high throughput, and modi...
متن کاملThe atmospheric pressure Meerwein reaction.
We have already shown that the in-vacuum gas-phase Meerwein reaction of (thio)acylium ions is general in nature and useful for class-selective screening of cyclic (thio)epoxides. Herein we report that this gas-phase reaction can also be performed efficiently at atmospheric pressure under both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) conditions. This alte...
متن کاملAtmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry.
Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is the last arrival in the family of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods to couple mass spectrometry (MS) to liquid-phase separation techniques. The basic idea was to further extend the fields of application of liquid chromatography (LC)-MS to those molecules that are not, or are poorly amenable, to electrospray (ESI) or APCI. The present re...
متن کاملBiomonitors of atmospheric nitrogen deposition: potential uses and limitations
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is the third largest cause of global biodiversity loss, with rates that have more than doubled over the past century. This is especially threatening for tropical regions where the deposition may soon exceed 25 kg of N ha-1 year-1, well above the threshold for physiological damage of 12-20 kg of N ha-1 year-1, depending on plant species and nitrogenous compound. I...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physics Today
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0031-9228,1945-0699
DOI: 10.1063/1.3580481